★ 宋立平，高德民，張偉，田野（北京廣利核系統工程有限公司，北京 100094）

摘要： 核電站主控室馬賽克式報警燈是操作員識別報警信息的關鍵設備，其面板與標簽字體色差設計缺乏量化依據，存在色差不足問題，易導致操作員視覺疲勞、辨識困難及誤判，影響核電運行安全。本研究基于人因工程標準《NUREG 0700 Rev.3 人機界面設計評審指南》，提出了一套完整的顏色優化方案。該方案通過分析國內核電機組主控室報警燈面板顏色（紅/紫/黃/白/綠）及其RGB值，結合標準推薦的顏色組合規則，匹配了黑色、深藍、草綠3種字體顏色，并采用CIE L*u*v*色差模型量化計算了15組面板-字體組合的色差值(ΔE）。不同顏色組合的對比實驗表明，紅色面板+草綠字、紫色面板+草綠字的色差遠超標準閾值；黃色面板+黑字、白色面板+深藍字滿足最佳可讀性要求；綠色面板+黑字的搭配表現優于其他組合。該研究成果為核電站馬賽克式報警燈設計提供了量化依據，顯著提升了信息識別效率與操作安全性。

關鍵詞：核電站主控室；馬賽克式報警燈；人因工程；面板與標簽字體色差設計；CIE L*u*v*色差模型

Abstract: The mosaic-type alarm lamps in the main control room of nuclear power plants are key equipment for operators to identify alarm information. However, the color difference design between the panels and label fonts lacks a quantitative basis, resulting in insufficient color contrast. This issue easily causes operators' visual fatigue, recognition difficulties, and misjudgments, thereby affecting the safety of nuclear power plant operation. Based on the human factors engineering standard NUREG 0700 Rev.3 Guidelines for Reviewing Human-Machine Interface Designs, this study proposes a comprehensive color optimization scheme. The study first analyzes the colors (red/purple/yellow/white/green) and their corresponding RGB values of alarm lamp panels in the main control rooms of domestic nuclear power units. Then, combined with the color combination rules recommended by the aforementioned standard, three font colors (black, dark blue, and grass green) are matched for the panels. Subsequently, the CIE L*u*v* color difference model is adopted to quantitatively calculate the color difference values (ΔE) of 15 panel-font combinations. Comparative experiments on different color combinations show that the color differences of the "red panel + grass green font" and "purple panel + grass green font" combinations far exceed the standard threshold; the "yellow panel + black font" and "white panel + dark blue font" combinations meet the requirements for optimal readability; and the performance of the "green panel + black font" combination is superior to that of other combinations. The research results provide a quantitative basis for the design of mosaic-type alarm lamps in nuclear power plants and significantly improve the efficiency of information recognition and operational safety.

Key words: Nuclear power plant main control room; Mosaic-type alarm lamp; Human factors engineering; Color difference design of panel and label font; CIE L*u*v* color difference model

在線預覽：核電站主控室馬賽克式報警燈人因優化設計與色差驗證研究.pdf

摘自《自動化博覽》2026年3月刊